Chrysanthemums, sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering vegetation of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center of diversity is in China. There are countless horticultural varieties and cultivars. The name "chrysanthemum" is derived from the Ancient Ancient greek:?????? chrysos (gold) and Ancient Greek:??????? anthemon (flower).
Taxonomy
The genus once included more species, but was divided several decades ago into several genera, putting the economically important florist's chrysanthemums in the genus Dendranthema. The naming of the genera has been contentious, but a ruling of the International Botanical Congress in 1999 changed the defining species of the genus to Chrysanthemum indicum, restoring the florist's chrysanthemums to the genus Chrysanthemum.The other species previously within the narrow view of the genus Chrysanthemum are now used in the genus Glebionis. The other overal separate from Chrysanthemum include Argyranthemum, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Rhodanthemum, and Tanacetum.
Description
Outdoors Chrysanthemum taxa are herbaceous perennial plants or subshrubs. They have alternately set up leaves divided into leaflets with toothed or occasionally smooth edges. The compound inflorescence is an array of several flower mind, or sometimes a solo head. The head has a base covered in layers of phyllaries. The simple row of beam florets are white, yellow or red; many horticultural specimens have been carefully bred to bear many series of ray florets in a great variety of colors. The disc florets of wild taxa are yellowish. The fruit is a ribbed achene. Chrysanthemums, also known as 'mums', are one of the prettiest varieties of perennials that start blooming early in the fall. This is also known as favorite flower for the month of November.
Modern grown chrysanthemums are showier than their wild relatives. The flower heads occur in various forms, and is daisy-like or decorative, like pompons or buttons. This genus contains many hybrids and thousands of cultivars developed for horticultural purposes. As well as the traditional yellow, other colors are available, such as white, purple, and red. The most important hybrid is Chrysanthemum x morifolium (syn. C. x grandiflorum), derived mostly from C. indicum, but also involving other types.Over 140 varieties of chrysanthemum have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Prize of Garden Merit.
Chrysanthemums are divided into two basic groups, garden hardy and exhibition. Garden hardy mothers are new perennials capable of wintering in most northern latitudes. Exhibition varieties are not usually as sturdy. Garden hardies are defined by their ability to generate an abundance of small blooms with little if any mechanical assistance, such as staking, and withstanding wind and rain. Exhibition varieties, though, require staking, overwintering in a relatively dry, cool environment, and sometimes the addition of night time lights.
The exhibition kinds can be used to create many amazing herb forms, such as large disbudded blooms, spray forms, and many artistically trained forms, such as thousand-bloom, standard (trees), fans, hanging baskets, topiary, bonsai, and cascades.
Chrysanthemum blooms are divided into 10 different bloom forms by the US National Chrysanthemum World, Inc., which is in keeping with the international distinction system. The bloom forms are defined by the way in which the ray and disk florets are arranged. Chrysanthemum blooms consist of many individual flowers (florets), each one capable of manufacturing a seeds. The disk florets are in the center of the bloom head, and the ray florets are on the perimeter. The ray florets are considered not perfect flowers, as they only have the female effective organs, while the drive florets are considered perfect flowers, as they possess both male and male reproductive organs.
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