Chrysanthemums, sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Asia and northeastern European countries. Most species originate from East Asia and the center of diversity is in China. There are many horticultural varieties and cultivars. The name "chrysanthemum" is derived from the Ancient Ancient greek:?????? chrysos (gold) and Aged Greek:??????? anthemon (flower).
Taxonomy
The genus once included more species, but was split several decades ago into several genera, putting the economically important florist's chrysanthemums in the genus Dendranthema. The naming of the genera has been good, but a ruling of the International Botanical Our elected representatives in 1999 changed the defining species of the genus to Chrysanthemum indicum, restoring the florist's chrysanthemums to the genus Chrysanthemum.The other species previously within the narrow view of the genus Chrysanthemum are now utilized in the genus Glebionis. The other genera separate from Chrysanthemum include Argyranthemum, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Rhodanthemum, and Tanacetum.
Description
Outdoors Chrysanthemum taxa are herbaceous perennial plants or subshrubs. They have alternately organized leaves divided into booklets with toothed or from time to time smooth edges. The chemical substance inflorescence is an array of several flower heads, or sometimes a solo head. The head has a base covered in layers of phyllaries. The simple row of beam florets are white, yellow or red; many horticultural specimens have been carefully bred to bear many series of ray florets in a great variety of colours. The disc florets of wild taxa are yellowish. The fruit is a ribbed achene. Chrysanthemums, also known as 'mums', are one of the nicest varieties of perennials that start blooming early in the fall. This is also known as favorite flower for the month of November.
Modern developed chrysanthemums are showier than their wild relatives. The flower heads occur in various forms, and can be daisy-like or decorative, like aigrette or buttons. This genus contains many hybrids and thousands of cultivars developed for horticultural purposes. Besides the traditional yellow, other colors are available, such as white, purple, and red. The most crucial hybrid is Chrysanthemum x morifolium (syn. C. x grandiflorum), derived primarily from C. indicum, but also involving other types.Over 140 varieties of chrysanthemum have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Prize of Garden Merit.
Chrysanthemums are divided into two basic groups, garden hardy and exhibition. Garden hardy moms are new perennials able of wintering in most northern latitudes. Exhibition kinds are not usually as sturdy. Garden hardies are defined by their capability to produce an abundance of small blooms with little if any mechanical assistance, such as staking, and withstanding wind and rainwater. Exhibition varieties, though, require staking, overwintering in a relatively dry, cool environment, and sometimes the addition of night lights.
The exhibition varieties can be used to create many amazing plant forms, such as large disbudded blooms, spray forms, and many artistically trained forms, such as thousand-bloom, standard (trees), fans, hanging baskets, topiary, bonsai, and cascades.
Chrysanthemum blooms are divided into 10 different bloom forms by the US National Chrysanthemum World, Inc., which is in keeping with the international category system. The bloom varieties are defined by the way in which the ray and disk florets are arranged. Chrysanthemum blooms are composed of many individual flowers (florets), each one capable of producing a seed. The disk florets are in the center of the bloom head, and the ray florets are on the perimeter. The ray florets are believed not perfect flowers, as they only have got the female successful organs, while the drive florets are considered perfect flowers, as they have got both male and male reproductive organs.
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